Povijest trbušnog plesa


Umijeće trbušnog plesa potječe iz najstarije ljudske povijesti. Njegovi su korijeni u kultovima plodnosti starog Egipta i Indije. Zahvaljujući nomadskim zabavljačima, ta se vještina pronosila regijama da bi danas bila karakteristična za cijeli Srednji i Bliski Istok. Na svim kontinentima su pronađene figurice boginja, a svaka kultura ima svoju priču o Majci Zemlji/boginji plodnosti. Za razliku od današnjih kanona ljepote, njih su krasili prenaglašeni ženski atributi – prsa, trbuh i bokovi. Oko 500. godine prije Krista, stotine kultova boginja cvjetalo je područjem Mediterana i Bliskog Istoka. Kako su postupno monoteističke religije postajale dominantne, žene su polako gubile ulogu u vjerskim svečanostima.



Naziv ‘trbušni ples’ najvjerojatnije je izveden od francuske fraze dance du ventre što se doslovce može prevesti kao ‘ples trbuha’. Još jedan naziv je Raqs Sharqi (Oriental dance) što na arapskom znači ‘ples istoka’, a u turskom ‘Oryantal Tansi’ što se prevodi kao ‘orijentalni ples’ ili ‘ples orijenta’. Plesači Raqs sharqi stila koriste svaki mišić u tijelu, a ono je improvizacija solo plesa s jedinstvenim plesnim riječnikom koji se isprepliće s ritmom glazbe. Najcjenjeniji Raqs sharqi plesači jesu oni koji kroz pokrete tijela iskazuju svoje emocije, čak i dok koriste jednostavne pokrete tijela. U zapadnoj se kulturi dugo smatrao vulgarnim. No, trbušni ples nije nastao kao tehnika zavođenja, već je bio dijelom rituala kojim su se žene Istoka pripremale za napor rađanja. Plesale su ga isključivo žene pred ženama, slaveći dar života, kako bi pripremile duh i tijelo za porođaj. One su tako pokazivale jedne drugima svoju sposobnost da održe draž i senzualnost kojima su vladale svojim muškarcima. Tako je trbušni ples bio povezan s kultom plodnosti. Na izvornom području trbušnog plesa, niti danas nije važna dob i ljepota žene za njegovu izvedbu. On ne služi za raspirivanje niskih strasti pijane gomile. Pravi su kostimi i danas narodne nošnje koje otkrivaju vrlo malo, ali sami pokreti su neizbježno povezani s erotičnošću. A upravo je to ono što i danas dogmatizira zapadni svijet, koji, bez obzira što više ništa vezano uz ljudsko tijelo ne ostavlja skrivenim, ipak se teško asimilira na ljepotu vlastitih tijela.




Stilovi



Suprotno uvriježenom mišljenju, orijentalni ples nije jedna vrsta plesa, već zajednički naziv za grupu plesova koji vuku porijeklo s istog geografskog područja. Smatra se da je orijentalni ples kakav danas poznajemo nastao početkom dvadesetog stoljeća. Današnji orijentalni ples je kombinacija folklornih elemenata, vjerskih obreda i baleta. To su: egipatski klasični (Raqs Sharqi), egipatski moderni (modern pop), narodni – baladi (Raqs Beledi), saiidi, (Raqs Saiidi), ples sa štapom (Raqs al Assaya), ples sa svijećama (Raqs al Shamadan), khaleegy (Raqs al Nashra ´ar), ples s krilima (Wings of Isis), ples s mačem, hagalla, mellaya leef, turski, perzijski, libanonski, indijski, romski, oriental flamenco, tribal, afrički itd.



Prve slavne plesačice








Žena koja će posebno ostati zapamćena u povijesti orijentalnog plesa je Libanonka Badia Masabni (1894.-1974.). Kao djevojku otac ju je silovao te su je poslali u samostan. Ubrzo je pobjegla u Aleksandriju, gdje je počela pjevati te upoznala kabaret-umjetnika Nagiba Ryhanija koji ju je podučavao glumi. U pauzama kabaretskih točaka je plesala, svidjela se posjetiteljima i postala iznimno popularna, pa je 1920. godine otvorila kasino Badia. Odgojila je poznate plesačice Bebu Ezeldin, Tahiu Charioca, Samiu Gamal i Naimu Akif. Sve su ove plesačice uglavnom izvodile baladi. Kako je to statičan ples i slabo se koriste ruke, koristile su puno elemenata koje su vidjele u holivudskim filmovima te dodale svom kostimu veo, a plesale su u cipelama kako bi publici dale do znanja da su bogate.


Trbušni ples danas



Posljednjih nekoliko godina trbušni ples je doživio veliki boom. Žene su otkrile dobrobiti plesa – osim što vježbaju one se i zabavljaju, stječu nova prijateljstva, otvaraju prostor propitkivanja vlastite ženstvenosti i kreativnog izražavanja. Trbušnim plesom se razgibavaju skupine mišića između pupka i zdjelične kosti, te pospješuje prokrvljivanje genitalne zone, čime se ublažavaju ili potpuno otklanjaju menstrualni bolovi i tegobe PMS- a, nadutost i napetost u donjem trbuhu, a elastičniji mišići kasnije lakše podnose porođaj. Osim toga, poboljšava se koordinacija i podiže tonus mišića jer pokreti moraju biti usklađeni, a držanje pravilno.



Danas je trbušni ples dio folklora naroda sjeverne Afrike, Bliskog istoka i dijela Azije, a kod nas je uzeo maha kao popularan oblik rekreacije i način na koje žene iznova otkrivaju vlastitu ženstvenost.



ENGLISH:



The History of The Bellydance



The Art of the Bellydance comes from the old time in human history. Its roots are in the fertility cults of ancient Egypt and India. Thanks to the nomadic entertainers, this skill has been transfered through the region that is now a characteristic of the entire Middle and Near East. On all continents have been found goddess figurines, and each culture has its own story of Mother Earth / Goddess of fertility. Unlike today’s canons of beauty, they were decorated wit overpronounced female attributes – the chest, stomach and hips. Around 500 BC, hundreds of goddess cults have flourished within area of the Mediterranean and the Middle East. As gradually became dominant the monotheistic religions, women are slowly losing the role in religious ceremonies.


The term ‘bellydance’ is probably derived from the French phrase dance du ventre, which can be literally translated as ‘belly dance’. Another name is Raqs Sharq (Oriental dance), which in Arabic means “dance of the East ‘, in Turkish’ Oryantal Tans’ which translates as’ Oriental Dance ‘or’ dance of the Orient ‘. Raqs Sharqui style dancers use every muscle in their body, and it is an improvised solo dance with a unique dance dictionary that is intertwined with the rhythm of music. The most respected Raqs Sharqui dancers are those who, through the body movements express their emotions, even when using simple body movements. In western culture, it was long regarded as vulgar. However, belly dancing did not originate as a seduction technique, but was part of a ritual in which the women of East prepare themselves for the birth. Danced by women only for the women, celebrating the gift of life, to prepare mind and body for labor. They also showed each other their ability to maintain the charm and sensuality by which they dominated their men. So the belly dancing was associated with fertility cults. Originally or today bellydancing nor age nor beautiful women is important. It does not speak for the dissemination of low passions drunken crowd. Costumes are real and present folk costumes which reveal very little, but the movements themselves are inevitably associated with erotics. And that is exactly what Western world dogmatises today, which, no matter what, nothing related to the human body does not leave hidden, it is difficult to assimilate the beauty of their own bodies.



Contrary to popular opinion, the oriental dance is not only one kind of dance, but the common name for the group of dances that draw origins from the same geographical areas. It is believed that oriental dance we know today is emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century. Today’s oriental dance is a combination of elements of folklore, religious rites and ballet. These are: classical Egyptian (Raqs Sharqi), Egypt’s modern (modern pop), National – Ballady (Raqs Beledi) saiidi (Raqs Saiidi), dancing with a cane (Raqs al Assaya), dancing with candles (Raqs al Shamadan) Khaleegy (Raqs al Nashra ‘ar), dancing with wings (Wings of Isis), dancing with a sword, Hagalla, Mellaya leef, Turkish, Persian, Lebanese, Indian, Gypsy, Flamenco oriental, Tribal, African, etc.



First famous dancers






The woman who will be especially remembered in the history of oriental dance is a Lebanese Badia Masabni (1894.-1974.). As a girl raped by her father was sent to the monastery. Soon, she ran away to Alexandria, where he met and began singing cabaret artist Trend Ryhanija who had taught acting. The breaks kabaretskih points danced, liked the visitors and has become extremely popular, so in 1920. The casino opened Badia. Raised by the famous dancer baby Ezeldin, Tahi Charioca, Sami Gamal and The Akif. All these dancers performed mostly ballads. How is a static dance and poorly used by hand, using the many elements that are seen in Hollywood movies and add your costume veil, and danced in the shoes to the audience made clear that they are rich.



Bellydance today



For the past few years, bellydance has seen a big boom. Women have discovered the benefits of dance – except that they practice and have fun, gain new friends, open space not to question their own femininity and creative expression. Bellydance stretches the muscle groups between the navel and pelvic bones, and improves the circulation of the genital area, thus reduces or completely eliminates menstrual pain and PMS, bloating and tension in the lower abdomen, and gains elastic muscles later submitted to the easier birth. In addition, improved coordination and built muscle cause movements to be more coordinated, and makes elegant posture.



Today, bellydancing is part of the folklore of the people of northern Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia, and within us was intensified as a popular form of recreation and the way in which women re-discover their own femininity.